Saturday, July 21, 2018 — Fine Floating Feathered Friends

Introduction

Today's puzzle from Cox & Rathvon delivers a splendid array of colourful waterbirds.

I invite you to leave a comment to let us know how you fared with the puzzle.

Solution to Today's Puzzle

Falcon's Experience ┌────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┐ ███████████████████████████████████ └────┴────┴────┴────┴────┴────┴────┘ Legend: █ - solved without assistance █ - incorrect prior to use of puzzle solving tools █ - solved with assistance from puzzle solving tools █ - solved with aid of checking letters provided by puzzle solving tools █ - solved but without fully parsing the clue █ - yet to be solved

Click here for an explanation of conventions and symbols used in explaining the parsing of clues.

The purpose of this article is to explain the conventions and symbols that I use on this blog in explaining the parsing of clues.

Legend: The following symbols are used in reviews: "*" anagram "~" sounds like "<" indicates that the preceding letters are reversed "( )" encloses contained letters "_" replaces letters that have been deleted "†" indicates that the word is present in the clue

The review of a clue takes the following general structure:

#a/d   Clue containing parsing markup (num^*)

---

^* num = numeration

Explanations pertaining to the wordplay (or first definition in a double definition)

(Horizontal separator)

---

Explanations pertaining to the definition (or second definition in a double definition) and solution.

Explanatory Box

An explanatory box provides additional information about the clue. In most cases this information will not necessarily help in solving the clue but provides information about the clue. In the case of the weekday syndicated Daily Telegraph puzzles, such information is often intended to help the North American solver appreciate how the clue may be perceived by a British solver. These boxes may also provide information on people, places, films, television programmes, works of art and literature, etc. mentioned in the clue. Although the titles of these boxes will usually be drawn from a standard list, I do occasionally throw in a title specifically suggested by the subject at hand. The standard titles include: Scratching the Surface - an explanation of the surface reading of the clue Delving Deeper - in-depth information pertaining to a subject mentioned in an explanation Behind the Picture - for weekday puzzles, information about an illustration found on Big Dave's Crossword Blog What did he/she/they say? - for weekday puzzles, an explanation of a remark made in a review or comment on Big Dave's Crossword Blog What are they talking about? - for weekday puzzles, an explanation of a discussion on Big Dave's Crossword Blog One box that may provide information that could prove helpful in solving the clue is the following: Here and There - for weekday puzzles, discusses words whose British meaning differs from their North American meaning

Note that there are many types of cryptic crossword clue and it is not my intention to exhaustively go through all of them here. I will only deal with clue types to the extent necessary to explain the conventions and symbols used on the blog. Furthermore, be aware that, in the world of cryptic crosswords, there seems to be an exception to every rule.

With one exception that I can think of, cryptic crossword clues provide two routes to the solution. These are commonly referred to as the definition and wordplay. While these terms serve well for most clues, there are some cases where the more formal terms of primary indication and subsidiary indication may be more appropriate.

Most cryptic crossword clues consist of a definition (primary indication) and wordplay (subsidiary indication). The definition may be a "precise definition" (a definition that is either taken straight from a dictionary or at least phrased in a non-misleading fashion) or it may be a "cryptic definition" (a definition misleadingly phrased so as to misdirect the solver either with respect to the meaning of the definition as a whole or to an incorrect sense of a word used in the definition).

The only type of clue that I can think of where there are not two ways of finding the solution are those in which the entire clue is a cryptic definition.

I identify precise definitions by marking them with a solid underline in the clue and cryptic definitions by marking them with a dotted underline.

In clues in which both definition and wordplay are present, the two parts of the clue combine to provide an overall meaningful statement (the surface reading) which usually bears no relationship to the underlying cryptic reading of the clue. In some cases, an extra word or phrase will be inserted into the clue to create a meaningful link between the definition and wordplay. I define clues which contain such a link word or link phrase as having an explicit link and clues which contain no link word or link phrase as having an implicit link.

I mark the existence of an explicit link by enclosing the link word or link phrase between forward slashes (/link/) and mark the existence of an implicit link with double forward slashes (//) positioned between the definition and wordplay.

Examples

A few examples may help to illustrate these points more clearly.

The first example is a clue used by Jay in DT 28573:

• 4d   Fellow left work // a failure (4)

Here the definition is "a failure" which is marked with a solid underline to show that it is a precise definition. The wordplay parses as F (fellow; abbrev.) + L (left; abbrev.) + OP (work; abbrev. used in music) which gives us the solution F|L|OP. The double forward slashes (//) between the definition and wordplay indicate the existence of an "implicit link" between the two parts of the clue (that is, no extra words are inserted into the clue to form the link).

The second example is a clue used by Giovanni in DT 28575:

• 29a   Female going to match // travels with mother in advance (10)

Here the definition "female going to match" is cryptic (the setter is attempting to misdirect our thoughts to a sports event rather than a marriage ceremony) and thus is marked with a a dotted underline. The wordplay is {RIDES (travels) + (with) MA (mother)} contained in (in) BID (advance) giving us the solution B(RIDES|MA)ID. As in the first example, the double forward slashes indicate the presence of an implicit link.

The third example is a clue used by Rufus is DT 28583:

• 18d   Knight caught by misplaced big blow /is/ staggering (8)

Here the definition is "staggering" which is marked with a solid underline to show that it is a precise definition. The wordplay parses as N ([chess symbol for] knight) contained in (caught in) an anagram (misplaced) of BIG BLOW producing the solution WOBBLI(N)G. Finally, forward slashes mark the link word (/is/).

I also use distinctive underlining to mark &lit.^[7] and semi-&lit. clues. Note that the reviewers on Big Dave's Crossword Blog generally prefer to refer to these clue types by the less pretentious names of all-in-one or semi-all-in-one clues respectively.

In an &lit. clue^[7] (or all-in-one clue) the entire clue provides not only the definition (when read one way), but under a different interpretation also serves as the wordplay.

In future, I will mark such clues with a combined solid and dashed underline. Although this is a departure from past practice, it would seem to make more sense than using a dotted underline as I have in the past). Henceforth, the dotted underline will be reserved for cryptic definitions.

In a semi-&lit. clue (or semi-all-in-one clue), either:

• the entire clue acts as the definition while a portion of the clue provides the wordplay; or
• the entire clue acts as the wordplay while a portion of the clue provides the definition.

For these clues, I will mark the definition with a solid underline and the wordplay with a  dashed underline. This means that a portion of the clue may have a solid underline, a portion of the clue may have a dashed underline and a portion of the clue may have a combined solid and dashed underline.

One final clue type is what I characterize as a cryptic definition comprised of a precise definition combined with cryptic elaboration. For example, in DT 28560 (setter unknown) the following clue appears:

•  26d   Heroic exploit, whichever way you look at it (4)

As the entire clue is a cryptic definition, it is marked with a dotted underline. The 'precise definition' is "heroic exploit" and is indicated by a solid underline.

Given the numeration, the precise definition could give rise to at least two solutions, DEED or FEAT. However, the 'cryptic elaboration' ("whichever way you look at it") indicates that the solution is a palindrome thereby immediately eliminating one of the two obvious choices.

Note that the part of the clue that I have called 'cryptic elaboration' does not provide a second independent route to the solution (as the wordplay would do in most other types of clue). Rather it merely provides a piece of additional information (elaboration) related to the 'precise definition'.

Again, this approach is a departure from past practice, but like the other changes mentioned previously is intended to remove inconsistencies in the way that I have been applying parsing markup to clues. The markup rules that I have been using until now evolved bit-by-bit over a long period of time resulting in some degree of internal inconsistency.

hide explanation

Across

1a   Enthusiast is in charge of capturing male // waterfowl (11)

BUFF|LE(HE)ADS — BUFF (enthusiast) + LEADS (is in charge of) containing (capturing) HE (male)

Hands up! How many thought that the setters were using the phrase "is in charge of" to clue HEADS?

Male Bufflehead

The bufflehead^[7] is a small sea duck of the goldeneye genus. The English name is a combination of buffalo and head, referring to the head shape. The resemblance to a buffalo head is most noticeable when the male puffs out the feathers on the head, thus greatly increasing the apparent size of the head.

9a   Write piece about island // seabird (7)

PEN|GU(I)N — PEN (write) + GUN (piece) containing (about) I (island; abbrev.)

Emperor Penguins

10a   Duck//’s trouble after a certain amount of beer (7)

PINT|AIL — AIL (trouble) following (after) PINT (a certain amount of beer)

Male (left) and female Northern Pintail

11a   Parched, // quit taking run (5)

D(R)IED — DIED (quit) containing (taking) R (run; abbrev. used in baseball — or cricket)

12a   Union gets answer /for/ waterfowl (9)

MERG(ANS)ER — MERGER (union) containing (gets) ANS (answer; abbrev.)

Red-breasted Merganser

13a   Expansive broadcast about green // duck (7)

WID(G)E|ON — {WIDE (expansive) + ON (broadcast; on radio or television)} containing (about) G (green; abbrev. found on video cables and connectors)

Male (rear) and female Eurasian Widgeons

14a   Escorts swimming // ducks (7)

SCOTERS* — anagram (swimming) of ESCORTS

Male White-winged Scoter

16a   Lay down /and/ did some more modelling? (7)

RE|POSED — RE- (some more; prefix denoting the repetition of an action) + POSED (did ... modelling)

19a   Blasts of wind carrying in // seabirds (7)

PUFF(IN)S — PUFFS (blasts of wind) containing (carrying) IN (†)

Atlantic Puffins

21a   Duck // Soup initially engrossed libertine (9)

S|HELD|RAKE — S (Soup initially; initial letter of Soup) + HELD (engrossed) + RAKE (libertine)

Female Common Shelduck

The shelducks^[7] are a group of larger often semi-terrestrial waterfowl, which can be seen as intermediate between geese and ducks. They are mid-sized Old World waterfowl. They were originally known as "sheldrakes", which remained the most common name until the late 19th century. The word is still sometimes used to refer to a male shelduck.

Scratching the Surface
Duck Soup[7] is a 1933 Marx Brothers comedy film.

23a   Negative voter sanctions // recesses (5)

NO|OKS — NO (negative voter) + OKS (sanctions)

25a   Love northern band of three going around a // province (7)

O|N|T(A)RIO — O (love; nil score in tennis) + N (northern; abbrev.) +TRIO (band of three) containing (going around) A (†)

26a   City on Lake Michigan // stylish in the past (7)

CHIC|AGO — CHIC (stylish) + AGO (in the past)

27a   In a scene made over, saw // waterfowl (6,5)

CAN(ADA GE)ESE* — ADAGE (saw) contained in (in) an anagram (made over) of A SCENE

By moving the phrase "in a scene made over" to the beginning of the clue, the setters have employed a syntax knowing as 'fronting' (similar to what I have done in this sentence). Stated in a normal declarative syntax, the wordplay would read:

• Saw in a scene made over

Canada Goose

Down

1d   Foundation maintaining one park /for/ bird or human (5)

B(I|P)ED — BED (foundation) containing (maintaining) {I ([Roman numeral for] one) + P (park; symbol found on a street sign)}

2d   Imagined // devotee rolling dice (7)

FAN|CIED* — FAN (devotee) + an anagram (rolling) of DICE

3d   Strip behind the French // cleaning woman? (9)

LA|UNDRESS — UNDRESS (strip) following (behind) LA (the French; feminine singular definite article in French)

4d   Solo FBI agent/’s/ word game (7)

HAN|GMAN — HAN (Solo; Star Wars character) + GMAN (FBI agent; G-man or government man)

5d   Has ambitions // as afterthought, admitting wrath (7)

AS|P(IRE)S — AS (†) + PS (afterthought) containing (admitting) IRE (wrath)

6d   Polar resident // lodged in sunless Antarctic (5)

_S|ANTA_ — hidden in (lodged in) sunlesS ANTArctica

7d   Tale about equine /and/ canine on TV (6)

L(ASS)IE — LIE (tale) containing (about) ASS (equine)

8d   Full catalogues including alternative // plant sellers (8)

F|L(OR)ISTS — F (full; abbrev. found on a fuel gauge) + LISTS (catalogues) containing (including) OR (alternative)

13d   Show pork going bad /in/ factory (8)

WORKSHOP* — anagram (going bad) of SHOW PORK

15d   Unusually weak finale // hurting (9)

OFF|ENDING — OFF (unusually weak; like an athlete having an "off" day) + ENDING (finale)

17d   Quick // rice primarily covered with pasta sauce (6)

P(R)ESTO — R (rice primarily; initial letter of Rice) + contained in (covered with) PESTO (pasta sauce)

I did initially attempt to justify PRONTO.

18d   Continue following doctor, a // cavalry member (7)

DR|A|GO|ON — GO ON (continue) following (†) {DR (doctor; abbrev.) + A (†)}

19d   Patched outside opening of raincoat // having holes (7)

PIE(R)CED — PIECED (patched) containing (outside) R (opening [initial letter] of Raincoat)

20d   Cut off // interstate, consequently behind schedule (7)

I|SO|LATE — I (interstate; symbol found on highway signs in the US) + SO (consequently) + LATE (behind schedule)

22d   Greek order // in Greenland or Iceland (5)

_D|OR|IC_ — hidden in (in) GreenlanD OR ICeland

The Doric order^[7] was one of the three orders of ancient Greek and later Roman architecture; the other two canonical orders were the Ionic and the Corinthian. The Doric is most easily recognized by the simple circular capitals at the top of columns. It was the earliest and in its essence the simplest of the orders, though still with complex details in the entablature above.

24d   Fortify // coastal area (5)

SHORE — double definition

Epilogue

It didn't take long to 20d the theme today.

Key to Reference Sources: 

^[1]   - The Chambers Dictionary, 11th Edition
^[2]   - Search Chambers - (Chambers 21st Century Dictionary)
^[3]   - TheFreeDictionary.com (American Heritage Dictionary)
^[4]   - TheFreeDictionary.com (Collins English Dictionary)
^[5]   - Oxford Dictionaries (Oxford Dictionary of English)
^[6]   - Oxford Dictionaries (Oxford American Dictionary)
^[7]   - Wikipedia
^[8]   - Reverso Online Dictionary (Collins French-English Dictionary)
^[9]   - Infoplease (Random House Unabridged Dictionary)
^[10] - CollinsDictionary.com (Collins English Dictionary)
^[11] - TheFreeDictionary.com (Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary)
^[12] - CollinsDictionary.com (Webster’s New World College Dictionary)
^[13] - MacmillanDictionary.com (Macmillan Dictionary)
^[14] - CollinsDictionary.com (COBUILD Advanced English Dictionary)

Signing off for today — Falcon