Saturday, October 26, 2019 — Leading Ladies of Canadian Film

Introduction

Today's puzzle from Cox & Rathvon focuses on a pair of female Canadian filmmakers.

I invite you to leave a comment to let us know how you fared with the puzzle.

Solution to Today's Puzzle

Falcon's Experience ┌────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┐ ███████████████████████████████████ └────┴────┴────┴────┴────┴────┴────┘ Legend: █ - solved without assistance █ - incorrect prior to use of puzzle solving tools █ - solved with assistance from puzzle solving tools █ - solved with aid of checking letters provided by puzzle solving tools █ - solved but without fully parsing the clue █ - yet to be solved

Click here for an explanation of conventions and symbols used in explaining the parsing of clues.

The purpose of this article is to explain the conventions and symbols that I use on this blog in explaining the parsing of clues.

Legend: The following symbols are used in reviews: "*" anagram "~" sounds like "<" indicates that the preceding letters are reversed "( )" encloses contained letters "_" replaces letters that have been deleted "†" indicates that the word is present in the clue

The review of a clue takes the following general structure:

#a/d   Clue containing parsing markup (num^*)

---

^* num = numeration

Explanations pertaining to the wordplay (or first definition in a double definition)

(Horizontal separator)

---

Explanations pertaining to the definition (or second definition in a double definition) and solution.

Explanatory Box

An explanatory box provides additional information about the clue. In most cases this information will not necessarily help in solving the clue but provides information about the clue. In the case of the weekday syndicated Daily Telegraph puzzles, such information is often intended to help the North American solver appreciate how the clue may be perceived by a British solver. These boxes may also provide information on people, places, films, television program, works of art and literature, etc. mentioned in the clue. Although the titles of these boxes will usually be drawn from a standard list, I do occasionally throw in a title specifically suggested by the subject at hand. The standard titles include: Scratching the Surface - an explanation of the surface reading of the clue Delving Deeper - in-depth information pertaining to a subject mentioned in an explanation The Story Behind the Picture - for weekday puzzles, information about an illustration found on Big Dave's Crossword Blog What did he/she/they say? - for weekday puzzles, an explanation of a remark made in a review or comment on Big Dave's Crossword Blog What are they talking about? - for weekday puzzles, an explanation of a discussion on Big Dave's Crossword Blog One box that may provide information that could prove helpful in solving the clue is the following: Here and There - for weekday puzzles, discusses words whose British meaning differs from their North American meaning

Note that there are many types of cryptic crossword clue and it is not my intention to exhaustively go through all of them here. I will only deal with clue types to the extent necessary to explain the conventions and symbols used on the blog. Furthermore, be aware that, in the world of cryptic crosswords, there seems to be an exception to every rule.

With one exception that I can think of, cryptic crossword clues provide two routes to the solution. These are commonly referred to as the definition and wordplay. While these terms serve well for most clues, there are some cases where the more formal terms of primary indication and subsidiary indication may be more appropriate.

Most cryptic crossword clues consist of a definition (primary indication) and wordplay (subsidiary indication). The definition may be:

• a "precise definition": a definition that is either taken directly from a dictionary or at least phrased in a non-misleading fashion similar to one that would be found in a dictionary
• a "cryptic definition": a definition misleadingly phrased so as to misdirect the solver either with respect to the meaning of the definition as a whole or to an incorrect sense of a word used in the definition (for example, defining topiary as "clip art")
• a "whimsical definition": a definition "invented" by the setter often by extrapolating a non-existent meaning for a word from a similar word (for example, defining a bird as a "winger" [something possessing wings] or a river as a ''flower" [something that flows] or to extrapolate that, since disembowel means 'to remove the innards of ', that discontent must mean 'to remove the contents of')
• a "definition by example": the presence of one of these is often flagged with a question mark (for example, defining atoll as "coral?" where an atoll is but one form that coral may take).

The only type of clue that I can think of where there are not two ways of finding the solution are those in which the entire clue is a cryptic definition.

I identify precise definitions by marking them with a solid underline in the clue and other varieties of definition (such as cryptic definitions, whimsical definitions, definitions by example, etc.) by marking them with a dotted underline.

In clues in which both definition and wordplay are present, the two parts of the clue combine to provide an overall meaningful statement (the surface reading) which usually bears no relationship to the underlying cryptic reading of the clue. In some cases, an extra word or phrase will be inserted into the clue to create a meaningful link between the definition and wordplay. I define clues which contain such a link word or link phrase as having an explicit link and clues which contain no link word or link phrase as having an implicit link.

I mark the existence of an explicit link by enclosing the link word or link phrase between forward slashes (/link/) and mark the existence of an implicit link with double forward slashes (//) positioned between the definition and wordplay.

Examples

A few examples may help to illustrate these points more clearly.

The first example is a clue used by Jay in DT 28573:

• 4d   Fellow left work // a failure (4)

Here the definition is "a failure" which is marked with a solid underline to show that it is a precise definition. The wordplay parses as F (fellow; abbrev.) + L (left; abbrev.) + OP (work; abbrev. used in music) which gives us the solution F|L|OP. The double forward slashes (//) between the definition and wordplay indicate the existence of an "implicit link" between the two parts of the clue (that is, no extra words are inserted into the clue to form the link).

The second example is a clue used by Giovanni in DT 28575:

• 29a   Female going to match // travels with mother in advance (10)

Here the definition "female going to match" is cryptic (the setter is attempting to misdirect our thoughts to a sports event rather than a marriage ceremony) and thus is marked with a a dotted underline. The wordplay is {RIDES (travels) + (with) MA (mother)} contained in (in) BID (advance) giving us the solution B(RIDES|MA)ID. As in the first example, the double forward slashes indicate the presence of an implicit link.

The third example is a clue used by Rufus is DT 28583:

• 18d   Knight caught by misplaced big blow /is/ staggering (8)

Here the definition is "staggering" which is marked with a solid underline to show that it is a precise definition. The wordplay parses as N ([chess symbol for] knight) contained in (caught in) an anagram (misplaced) of BIG BLOW producing the solution WOBBLI(N)G. Finally, forward slashes mark the link word (/is/).

I also use distinctive underlining to mark &lit.^[7] and semi-&lit. clues. Note that the reviewers on Big Dave's Crossword Blog generally prefer to refer to these clue types by the less pretentious names of all-in-one or semi-all-in-one clues respectively.

In an &lit. clue^[7] (or all-in-one clue) the entire clue provides not only the definition (when read one way), but under a different interpretation also serves as the wordplay.

In future, I will mark such clues with a combined solid and dashed underline. Although this is a departure from past practice, it would seem to make more sense than using a dotted underline as I have in the past). Henceforth, the dotted underline will be reserved for cryptic definitions.

In a semi-&lit. clue (or semi-all-in-one clue), either:

• the entire clue acts as the definition while a portion of the clue provides the wordplay; or
• the entire clue acts as the wordplay while a portion of the clue provides the definition.

For these clues, I will mark the definition with a solid underline and the wordplay with a  dashed underline. This means that a portion of the clue may have a solid underline, a portion of the clue may have a dashed underline and a portion of the clue may have a combined solid and dashed underline.

One final clue type is what I characterize as a cryptic definition comprised of a precise definition combined with cryptic elaboration. For example, in DT 28560 (setter unknown) the following clue appears:

•  26d   Heroic exploit, whichever way you look at it (4)

As the entire clue is a cryptic definition, it is marked with a dotted underline. The 'precise definition' is "heroic exploit" and is indicated by a solid underline.

Given the numeration, the precise definition could give rise to at least two solutions, DEED or FEAT. However, the 'cryptic elaboration' ("whichever way you look at it") indicates that the solution is a palindrome thereby immediately eliminating one of the two obvious choices.

Note that the part of the clue that I have called 'cryptic elaboration' does not provide a second independent route to the solution (as the wordplay would do in most other types of clue). Rather it merely provides a piece of additional information (elaboration) related to the 'precise definition'.

Again, this approach is a departure from past practice, but like the other changes mentioned previously is intended to remove inconsistencies in the way that I have been applying parsing markup to clues. The markup rules that I have been using until now evolved bit-by-bit over a long period of time resulting in some degree of internal inconsistency.

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Across

1a	/In/ “Salvador,” a new // Canadian actress (3,8)

{NIA VARDALOS}* — anagram (new) of SALVADOR A

Nia Vardalos^[7] is a Canadian-American actress, screenwriter, and producer of Greek descent. Her most notable work is the 2002 film My Big Fat Greek Wedding, which was based on a one-woman stage play she dramatized and in which she starred.

Note on Parsing
For parsing purposes, the solver must reposition the comma (which, by the way,  has likely been incorrectly positioned before rather than after the closing quotation mark). Thus, for parsing purposes, we must read the clue as: /In/ “Salvador” a new, // Canadian actress (3,8) or, restated in a normal declarative sentence structure: Canadian actress /in/ “Salvador,” a new (3,8)

9a	Pub // arranged in time of prosperity (7)

B(ARR)OOM — ARR (arranged [by]; abbrev. found on music scores) contained in (in) BOOM (time of prosperity)

10a	On both sides of alley, you and I // fish (7)

WALLEYE — WE (you and I) containing (on both sides of) ALLEY (†)

11a	“Spell-weaver” // actor Jackie breaking log (9)

EN(CHAN)TER* — CHAN (actor Jackie; Hong Kong actor Jackie Chan^[7]) contained in (breaking) ENTER (log; as a verb)

12a	Late-winter // parade (5)

MARCH — double definition

13a	English city // street engulfed by root (7)

CHE(ST)ER — ST(reet) contained in (engulfed by) CHEER (root)

15a	River /and/ pier end in disarray (7)

DNIEPER* — anagram of (in disarray) PIER END

The Dnieper^[5] is a river of eastern Europe, rising in Russia west of Moscow and flowing southwards some 2,200 km (1,370 miles) through Ukraine to the Black Sea.

16a	Apprentice // driver’s gear outside of shower (7)

T(RAIN)EE — TEE (driver's gear; the driver here is a golfer hitting his or her initial shot on a hole) containing (outside of) RAIN (shower)

19a	Fork grabbed by crabby loony // whiner (7)

{CR(Y)BABY}* — Y (fork; letter that looks like a fork [in a road, for instance]) contained in (grabbed by) anagram of (loony) CRABBY

21a	Withdraw // permission (5)

LEAVE — double definition

22a	Picture // shaft of light penetrating doorway (9)

PORT(RAY)AL — RAY (shaft of light) contained in (penetrating) PORTAL (doorway)

25a	Fighter // I found in Bond material? (7)

SOLD(I)ER — I (†) contained in (found in) SOLDER (bond material)

Scratching the Surface
To misdirect us, the setters deceptively capitalize the initial letter of "Bond" so as to suggest a reference to the British secret agent from Ian Fleming's novels.

26a	Strip of land // is like this, housing 1000 (7)

IS|TH(M)US — IS () + THUS (like this) containing (housing) M ([Roman numeral for] 1000)

27a	Rudely, Oprah yells a // name in Canadian film (5,6)

{SARAH POLLEY}* — anagram of (rudely) OPRAH YELLS A

Sarah Polley^[7] is a Canadian actress, writer, director, producer and political activist. Polley first garnered attention as a child actress for her role as Ramona Quimby in the television series Ramona, based on Beverly Cleary's books. Subsequently this led to her role as Sara Stanley in the Canadian television series Road to Avonlea (1990–1996).

Scratching the Surface
Oprah Winfrey[7], born Orpah Gail Winfrey, is an American media executive, actress, talk show host, television producer and philanthropist. She is best known for her talk show The Oprah Winfrey Show which was the highest-rated television program of its kind in history and ran in national syndication for 25 years from 1986 to 2011.

Down

1d	Superior // ingredient of cappuccino blends (5)

_NO|BLE_ — hidden in (ingredient of) cappucciNO BLEnds

2d	CIA rule breaking // heart, in part (7)

AURICLE* — anagram of (breaking) CIA RULE

3d	Evidence of a bakery // somewhat near Omaha (5)

_AR|OMA_ — hidden in (somewhat) neaAR OMAha

4d	Greek goddess // encountered among forest denizens (7)

DE(MET)ER — MET (encountered) contained in (among) DEER (forest denizens)

5d	Demeaned, // we’re “old bats” (7)

LOWERED* — anagram of (bats) WERE OLD

6d	It’s only me, breaking // a mood of seriousness (9)

SOLEMNITY — anagram of (breaking) ITS ONLY ME

7d	Too much // carried the wrong way (2,4)

{DE TROP}< — reversal (the wrong way) of PORTED (carried)

The solution is a phrase that has been ported into English from French.

8d	Greatly upset about husband/’s/ torpor (8)

{LET(H)ARGY}* — anagram of (upset) GREATLY containing (about) H(usband)

13d	Miss school // chum’s commencement, breaking sword (3,5)

CUT (C)LASS — C (chum's commencement [initial letter]) contained in (breaking) CUTLASS (sword)

An alternative — albeit less elegant — parsing would be:

C|{UT CLASS}* — C (chum's commencement [initial letter]) + anagram of (breaking) CUTLASS (sword)

I consider this parsing to be less elegant as only a single letter is displaced in the anagram and the word "breaking" has already been used as an anagram indicator in this puzzle.

14d	Attempts obtaining Anne/’s/ leather sources (9)

T(ANNE)RIES — TRIES (attempts) containing (obtaining) ANNE (†)

17d	Speaking of ales, // serves (6)

AVAILS~ — sounds like (speaking) {OF ALES}

18d	Ruler/’s/ representative in Rome sent back (7)

{EM(PER)OR}< — reversal of (sent back) {REP(presentative) contained in (in) ROME (†)}

19d	Like some hens /or/ like some cereal? (7)

CORNISH — double definition, the second being whimsical

20d	Awful // article by minor falling short (7)

A|BY|SMAL_ — A ([indefinite] article) + BY (†) + SMAL[L] (minor) with the final letter removed (falling short)

23d	Squeal “I love // relationship” (5)

RAT|I|O — RAT (squeal; inform) + I (†) + O (love; nil score (zero) in tennis)

24d	Passionate // couple of Lutherans, with pen (5)

LU|STY — LU (couple [initial two letters] of LUtherans) + (with) STY (pen)

Key to Reference Sources: 

^[1]   - The Chambers Dictionary, 11th Edition
^[2]   - Search Chambers - (Chambers 21st Century Dictionary)
^[3]   - TheFreeDictionary.com (American Heritage Dictionary)
^[4]   - TheFreeDictionary.com (Collins English Dictionary)
^[5]   - Oxford Dictionaries (Oxford Dictionary of English)
^[6]   - Oxford Dictionaries (Oxford Advanced American Dictionary)
^[7]   - Wikipedia
^[8]   - Reverso Online Dictionary (Collins French-English Dictionary)
^[9]   - Infoplease (Random House Unabridged Dictionary)
^[10] - CollinsDictionary.com (Collins English Dictionary)
^[11] - TheFreeDictionary.com (Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary)
^[12] - CollinsDictionary.com (Webster’s New World College Dictionary)
^[13] - MacmillanDictionary.com (Macmillan Dictionary)
^[14] - CollinsDictionary.com (COBUILD Advanced English Dictionary)

Signing off for today — Falcon