Saturday, April 27, 2019 — Going in Circles

Introduction

I found today's puzzle from Cox & Rathvon to be a bit tricky to solve. However, after composing the review, I cannot see why this should have been the case. I guess my brain is just stuck in low gear.

I invite you to leave a comment to let us know how you fared with the puzzle.

Solution to Today's Puzzle

Falcon's Experience ┌────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┐ ███████████████████████████████████ └────┴────┴────┴────┴────┴────┴────┘ Legend: █ - solved without assistance █ - incorrect prior to use of puzzle solving tools █ - solved with assistance from puzzle solving tools █ - solved with aid of checking letters provided by puzzle solving tools █ - solved but without fully parsing the clue █ - yet to be solved

Click here for an explanation of conventions and symbols used in explaining the parsing of clues.

The purpose of this article is to explain the conventions and symbols that I use on this blog in explaining the parsing of clues.

Legend: The following symbols are used in reviews: "*" anagram "~" sounds like "<" indicates that the preceding letters are reversed "( )" encloses contained letters "_" replaces letters that have been deleted "†" indicates that the word is present in the clue

The review of a clue takes the following general structure:

#a/d   Clue containing parsing markup (num^*)

---

^* num = numeration

Explanations pertaining to the wordplay (or first definition in a double definition)

(Horizontal separator)

---

Explanations pertaining to the definition (or second definition in a double definition) and solution.

Explanatory Box

An explanatory box provides additional information about the clue. In most cases this information will not necessarily help in solving the clue but provides information about the clue. In the case of the weekday syndicated Daily Telegraph puzzles, such information is often intended to help the North American solver appreciate how the clue may be perceived by a British solver. These boxes may also provide information on people, places, films, television program, works of art and literature, etc. mentioned in the clue. Although the titles of these boxes will usually be drawn from a standard list, I do occasionally throw in a title specifically suggested by the subject at hand. The standard titles include: Scratching the Surface - an explanation of the surface reading of the clue Delving Deeper - in-depth information pertaining to a subject mentioned in an explanation The Story Behind the Picture - for weekday puzzles, information about an illustration found on Big Dave's Crossword Blog What did he/she/they say? - for weekday puzzles, an explanation of a remark made in a review or comment on Big Dave's Crossword Blog What are they talking about? - for weekday puzzles, an explanation of a discussion on Big Dave's Crossword Blog One box that may provide information that could prove helpful in solving the clue is the following: Here and There - for weekday puzzles, discusses words whose British meaning differs from their North American meaning

Note that there are many types of cryptic crossword clue and it is not my intention to exhaustively go through all of them here. I will only deal with clue types to the extent necessary to explain the conventions and symbols used on the blog. Furthermore, be aware that, in the world of cryptic crosswords, there seems to be an exception to every rule.

With one exception that I can think of, cryptic crossword clues provide two routes to the solution. These are commonly referred to as the definition and wordplay. While these terms serve well for most clues, there are some cases where the more formal terms of primary indication and subsidiary indication may be more appropriate.

Most cryptic crossword clues consist of a definition (primary indication) and wordplay (subsidiary indication). The definition may be:

• a "precise definition": a definition that is either taken directly from a dictionary or at least phrased in a non-misleading fashion similar to one that would be found in a dictionary
• a "cryptic definition": a definition misleadingly phrased so as to misdirect the solver either with respect to the meaning of the definition as a whole or to an incorrect sense of a word used in the definition (for example, defining topiary as "clip art")
• a "whimsical definition": a definition "invented" by the setter often by extrapolating a non-existent meaning for a word from a similar word (for example, defining a bird as a "winger" [something possessing wings] or a river as a ''flower" [something that flows] or to extrapolate that, since disembowel means 'to remove the innards of ', that discontent must mean 'to remove the contents of')
• a "definition by example": the presence of one of these is often flagged with a question mark (for example, defining atoll as "coral?" where an atoll is but one form that coral may take).

The only type of clue that I can think of where there are not two ways of finding the solution are those in which the entire clue is a cryptic definition.

I identify precise definitions by marking them with a solid underline in the clue and other varieties of definition (such as cryptic definitions, whimsical definitions, definitions by example, etc.) by marking them with a dotted underline.

In clues in which both definition and wordplay are present, the two parts of the clue combine to provide an overall meaningful statement (the surface reading) which usually bears no relationship to the underlying cryptic reading of the clue. In some cases, an extra word or phrase will be inserted into the clue to create a meaningful link between the definition and wordplay. I define clues which contain such a link word or link phrase as having an explicit link and clues which contain no link word or link phrase as having an implicit link.

I mark the existence of an explicit link by enclosing the link word or link phrase between forward slashes (/link/) and mark the existence of an implicit link with double forward slashes (//) positioned between the definition and wordplay.

Examples

A few examples may help to illustrate these points more clearly.

The first example is a clue used by Jay in DT 28573:

• 4d   Fellow left work // a failure (4)

Here the definition is "a failure" which is marked with a solid underline to show that it is a precise definition. The wordplay parses as F (fellow; abbrev.) + L (left; abbrev.) + OP (work; abbrev. used in music) which gives us the solution F|L|OP. The double forward slashes (//) between the definition and wordplay indicate the existence of an "implicit link" between the two parts of the clue (that is, no extra words are inserted into the clue to form the link).

The second example is a clue used by Giovanni in DT 28575:

• 29a   Female going to match // travels with mother in advance (10)

Here the definition "female going to match" is cryptic (the setter is attempting to misdirect our thoughts to a sports event rather than a marriage ceremony) and thus is marked with a a dotted underline. The wordplay is {RIDES (travels) + (with) MA (mother)} contained in (in) BID (advance) giving us the solution B(RIDES|MA)ID. As in the first example, the double forward slashes indicate the presence of an implicit link.

The third example is a clue used by Rufus is DT 28583:

• 18d   Knight caught by misplaced big blow /is/ staggering (8)

Here the definition is "staggering" which is marked with a solid underline to show that it is a precise definition. The wordplay parses as N ([chess symbol for] knight) contained in (caught in) an anagram (misplaced) of BIG BLOW producing the solution WOBBLI(N)G. Finally, forward slashes mark the link word (/is/).

I also use distinctive underlining to mark &lit.^[7] and semi-&lit. clues. Note that the reviewers on Big Dave's Crossword Blog generally prefer to refer to these clue types by the less pretentious names of all-in-one or semi-all-in-one clues respectively.

In an &lit. clue^[7] (or all-in-one clue) the entire clue provides not only the definition (when read one way), but under a different interpretation also serves as the wordplay.

In future, I will mark such clues with a combined solid and dashed underline. Although this is a departure from past practice, it would seem to make more sense than using a dotted underline as I have in the past). Henceforth, the dotted underline will be reserved for cryptic definitions.

In a semi-&lit. clue (or semi-all-in-one clue), either:

• the entire clue acts as the definition while a portion of the clue provides the wordplay; or
• the entire clue acts as the wordplay while a portion of the clue provides the definition.

For these clues, I will mark the definition with a solid underline and the wordplay with a  dashed underline. This means that a portion of the clue may have a solid underline, a portion of the clue may have a dashed underline and a portion of the clue may have a combined solid and dashed underline.

One final clue type is what I characterize as a cryptic definition comprised of a precise definition combined with cryptic elaboration. For example, in DT 28560 (setter unknown) the following clue appears:

•  26d   Heroic exploit, whichever way you look at it (4)

As the entire clue is a cryptic definition, it is marked with a dotted underline. The 'precise definition' is "heroic exploit" and is indicated by a solid underline.

Given the numeration, the precise definition could give rise to at least two solutions, DEED or FEAT. However, the 'cryptic elaboration' ("whichever way you look at it") indicates that the solution is a palindrome thereby immediately eliminating one of the two obvious choices.

Note that the part of the clue that I have called 'cryptic elaboration' does not provide a second independent route to the solution (as the wordplay would do in most other types of clue). Rather it merely provides a piece of additional information (elaboration) related to the 'precise definition'.

Again, this approach is a departure from past practice, but like the other changes mentioned previously is intended to remove inconsistencies in the way that I have been applying parsing markup to clues. The markup rules that I have been using until now evolved bit-by-bit over a long period of time resulting in some degree of internal inconsistency.

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Across

1a   Feature about North-south // passage (7)

TRA(N|S)IT — TRAIT (feature) containing (about) {N(orth) + S(outh)}

5a   Go fast /in/ small RV (7)

S|CAMPER — S(mall) + CAMPER (RV)

9a   A hunk returned // some wood (5)

{BALS|A}< — reversal of (returned) {A (†) + SLAB (hunk)}

10a   Televise bum eating 100 // chosen courses (9)

{ELE(C)TIVES}* — anagram of (bum) TELEVISE containing (eating) C ([Roman numeral for] 100)

11a   Maori carving cut afresh /for/ world traveller (15)

CIRCUMNAVIGATOR* — anagram of (afresh) MAORI CARVING CUT

12a   Miss // place with a scenic view (8)

OVERLOOK — double definition; the first a verb, the second a noun

14a   Audibly scrape // sailing ship (6)

BARQUE~ — sounds like (audibly) BARK (scrape)

17a   Cold as a bishop with a // melon (6)

C|AS|A|B|A — C(old) + AS (†) + A (†) + B (bishop; abbrev., chessman) + A (†)

18a   Caterpillar // in room containing loose chow (8)

IN(CHWO*)RM — {IN (†) + R(oo)M} containing (†) anagram of (loose) CHOW

21a   Well-known sailor // breaking up fracas is drinker (3,7,5)

{SIR FRANCIS DRAKE}* — anagram of (breaking up) FRACAS IS DRINKER

24a   Spot a scar borne by // actor in Chicago Hope (4,5)

AD|A|M ARK| IN — AD ([commercial] spot) + A (†) + MARK (scar) + IN (borne by)

My efforts to give the role to his papa proved rather futile.

25a   Around four, beer /is/ still not gone? (5)

AL(IV)E — ALE (beer) containing (around) IV ([Roman numeral for] four)

26a   Out of practice, // insulted about half of us (7)

DIS(U_)SED — DISSED (insulted) containing (about) U ([initial] half of U[S])

27a   Passé // amusement in December time (7)

DE(FUN)C|T — FUN (amusement) contained in (in) {DEC(ember) + T(ime)}

Down

1d   Company set after explorer brought back // weed (7)

TOBAC<|CO — CO(mpany) following (set after) reversal of (brought back) CABOT (explorer)

The explorer could be either of two Venetians, John Cabot^[5] (c.1450–c.1498) or his son Sebastian Cabot^[5] (c.1475–c.1557), who made voyages of discovery to North and South America on behalf of England and Spain.

2d   Everything green’s awfully // irritating stuff (9)

ALL|ERGENS* — ALL (everything) + anagram of (awfully) GREENS

3d   University supporters returning // mess (5)

{SNAF|U}< — reversal of (returning) {U(niversity) + FANS (supporters)}

SNAFU is a military acronym standing for "Situation Normal — All F***ed Up".

4d   Two extended periods after end of August, I // get drunk (3,3,2)

T|I|E ON|E ON — {EON + EON} (two extended periods) following (after) {T (end [final letter] of AugusT) + I (†)}

5d   Perform a duty, taking west // turn abruptly (6)

S(W)ERVE — SERVE (perform a duty) containing (taking) W(est)

6d   Tossed group hat, a // collector’s item (9)

AUTOGRAPH* — anagram of (tossed) GROUP HAT A

7d   Turn // to big cheese on the way back (5)

{PIV|OT}< — reversal (on the way back) of (turn) {TO (†) + VIP (big cheese)}

8d   Coolness // about free verse (7)

RE|SERVE* — RE (about) + anagram of (free) VERSE

13d   Some Africans // left with some Europeans (9)

L|IBERIANS — L(eft) + (with) IBERIANS (some Europeans)

15d   Cost estimate /is/ too quaint, cryptic (9)

QUOTATION* — anagram of (cryptic) TOO QUAINT

16d   Confused us, ending // with no contract (8)

UNSIGNED* — anagram of (confused) US ENDING

17d   Something cheesy about station/’s/ eggy concoction (7)

CU(STA)RD — CURD (something cheesy) containing (about) STA(tion)

19d   Old Hollywood star/’s/ sheep involved in tangle (3,4)

MA(E WES)T — EWES ([female] sheep) contained in (involved in) MAT (tangle [of hair])

20d   Twisted // sculptor’s first nude (6)

S|NAKED — S (Sculptor's first [initial letter]) + NAKED (nude)

22d   Heard Eternal City’s // strays (5)

ROAMS~ — sounds like (heard) ROME'S (Eternal City's)

23d   Stunt // encountered in standard warfare (5)

_D|WARF_ — hidden in (encountered in) standarD WARFare

Epilogue

Sir Francis Drake carried out the second circumnavigation of the world^[7] in a single expedition (and on a single independent voyage), from 1577 to 1580. The first had been the Castilian ('Spanish') Magellan-Elcano expedition of August 1519 to September 1522, started by Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and completed by Spanish Basque navigator Juan Sebastián Elcano after Magellan's death.

Key to Reference Sources: 

^[1]   - The Chambers Dictionary, 11th Edition
^[2]   - Search Chambers - (Chambers 21st Century Dictionary)
^[3]   - TheFreeDictionary.com (American Heritage Dictionary)
^[4]   - TheFreeDictionary.com (Collins English Dictionary)
^[5]   - Oxford Dictionaries (Oxford Dictionary of English)
^[6]   - Oxford Dictionaries (Oxford American Dictionary)
^[7]   - Wikipedia
^[8]   - Reverso Online Dictionary (Collins French-English Dictionary)
^[9]   - Infoplease (Random House Unabridged Dictionary)
^[10] - CollinsDictionary.com (Collins English Dictionary)
^[11] - TheFreeDictionary.com (Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary)
^[12] - CollinsDictionary.com (Webster’s New World College Dictionary)
^[13] - MacmillanDictionary.com (Macmillan Dictionary)
^[14] - CollinsDictionary.com (COBUILD Advanced English Dictionary)

Signing off for today — Falcon